Medical and Health Support Function Descriptions

 

Medical Response Functions

Function

Description

LEMSA Roles

LEMSA Objective

1.  Assess Immediate Medical Needs and Initiate Response

A system to provide a rapid evaluation of the acute medical needs within the impacted area immediately following an event and the ability of the healthcare infrastructure in the impacted area to meet those needs.

Preparedness

Response

Prepare and establish a system to (1) provide a rapid evaluation of the acute medical needs immediately following a disaster and the ability of the healthcare infrastructure in the impacted area to meet those needs; and, (2) notify the Medical/Health Operational Area Coordinator and other entities required to activate a response.

2.  Manage Disaster Medical Resources

Those medical and health resources, including medical transport resources, that can be requested by an impacted community and provided through local, state or federal assistance or through contracts and agreements with private industry.  Resources include medical and health personnel, equipment and supplies.

Preparedness

Response

Identify, mobilize, apply, and deactivate medical and health resources needed for the response to disasters. Resources include medical and health personnel, medical transport, equipment and supplies acquired from local, regional, state, or federal governments or through contracts and agreements with the private sector. 

3.  Manage Patient Distribution and Evacuation

The process of directing the movement of victims from point of injury to designated receiving facility, transfer among medical facilities and the transport of patients from medical facilities within the impacted area to other facilities either inside or outside the impacted area due to patient or facility status.

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

(1) Direct the movement of casualties from point of injury to designated receiving facility, (2) transfers among medical facilities and (3) transport of patients from medical facilities within the impacted area to other facilities either inside or outside the impacted area.

4.  Support the Provision of Hospital Care

Medical and health services provided by an acute care facility and associated personnel including triage, initial treatment and other emergency services and definitive, resuscitative and restorative treatment services and patient support in appropriate patient care units to victims of injury or illness.

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

(1) Promote the development of standardized hospital emergency plans consistent with the medical response plan of the Operational Area. (2) Develop a system to support the provision of emergency department and inpatient services provided by an acute care facility.

5.  Support Out of Hospital Emergency Services

All other facilities and services associated with the healthcare system where medical and/or healthcare services are provided including but not limited to skilled nursing facilities, board and care facilities, home health agencies, public health clinics, out-patient surgical clinics, specialty clinics, doctor’s offices and urgent care facilities.

Response

Respond to non-hospital facilities and services.

7.  Coordinate Pre-Hospital Emergency Services

Those services, including organizations, equipment and personnel, provided to treat, stabilize and transport victims of acute injury or illness to a medical facility capable of providing appropriate treatment and supportive care.

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Develop plans, policies and procedures to: (1) dispatch medical response resources; and (2) continue the provision of EMS services during a response to disasters.

6.  Support Temporary Field Treatment Sites

Medical triage and treatment sites established following a disaster event on a temporary basis to provide healthcare support to disaster victims and displaced personnel.

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Support the establishment/management of temporary medical triage and treatment sites established following a disaster event to provide health care to disaster victims and displaced personnel.

Additional Functions / Elements

Each local EMS agencies shall ensure the development of disaster medical response plans that incorporates the provisions of SEMS and is consistent with the planning guidance of local and state Offices of Emergency Services. 

 

Each local EMS agency shall assess periodically the extent to which their plans, policies, and procedures are consistent with those of neighboring systems. 

 

Each local EMS agency shall ensure that plans and procedures are developed for the activation, operation and de-activation of the operating center responsible for coordinating the medical response to disasters.  Plans should ensure coordination with Operational Area emergency management agency and public health.

 

Each local EMS agency shall ensure the availability of sufficient training and exercise opportunities to ensure the response capability of EMS system personnel and organizations.

 

Local EMS Agencies shall develop plans and procedures to conduct afteraction reviews of the disaster medical response.

 


Public, Environmental and Mental Health Functions

8.   Conduct Health Surveillance and Epidemiologic Analyses

An evaluation system designed to provide information about the relative health of the impacted population and to evaluate the potential for public health consequences as a result of the disaster event.  This process is ongoing during the response and recovery phase of disaster operations.


9.   Ensure Food Safety

The system of procedures, regulations and inspections designed to ensure that the public is protected from food borne disease during the production, processing, distribution and preparation of food

10.  Manage Exposure to Hazardous Agents

The procedures implemented through guidelines, regulation and training designed to protect the public and responders from injury due to exposure to chemical, biological and radiological hazards and to effectively decontaminate exposed personnel. This function also includes provisions to protect equipment and the environment from secondary contamination and provide guidance on the decontamination and remediation of contaminated property and the environment.

11.  Support Provision of Mental Health Services

Services to improve the emotional health of the public and responders during and following a disaster event.  This function includes critical incident stress debriefing services as well as short- and long-term crisis counseling services.

12.  Medical and Health Public Information

The procedures designed to provide public health information, disease and injury control information, and medical situation status to the general public and to responders during and following a disaster event.

13.  Support Vector Control

The procedures implemented to assess the threat of vector borne disease, institute field investigations, provide technical assistance to local abatement districts, implement field control operations and provide consultation on the medical treatment of victims of vector borne disease.

14.  Ensure the Supply of Potable Water

The procedures and processes instituted to assess the availability and safety of drinking water during disaster operations and return damaged water supplies to full operation.  This function includes field investigations and laboratory support resulting in the collection and analysis of water samples,  technical consultation with suppliers and system operators, and advise to the public.

15.  Support the Continued Management of Waste Material

The procedures and processes instituted to insure the safe collection and disposal of liquid and solid wastes including guidance on temporary handling of sewage, hazardous waste and medical waste during disaster operations.  This function includes consultation with sewage and solid waste disposal providers, with responders for the removal and safe disposal of disaster-related rubble and waste, and advise to the public.

16.  Ensure the Control of Communicable Disease

The procedures instituted to prevent, identify, or control the transmission of disease including epidemiological surveillance, outbreak investigation, laboratory services, and control activities such as vaccination programs, isolation or quarantine.

 

Related Response Functions

1.   Animal Control

Those activities necessary to control loose pets, feral animals, or domestic animals that present a hazard to human health or safety following a disaster.  Medical and health support to animal control generally consists of coordination with responsible agencies and depending upon the discretion of the EOC director could include oversight and management at the EOC level.

2.   Coroner and Mortuary Services

Those activities necessary to identify, register, hold and safely dispose of human remains to prevent health risks to the public and maintain the dignity of the deceased.  Medical and health support to coroner and mortuary services generally consists of coordination with responsible agencies and may include reporting mortality statistics generated by the responsible agency.

3.   Care and Shelter (Ancillary Services)

Medical and health support services, such as nursing or physician services, necessary to maintain the health of the individuals in mass care facilities.  These services also include the provision or staffing of a temporary infirmary or medical shelter if necessary to meet the needs of the medically fragile.